Karate is a martial art that was developed in the Ryukyu Islands of what is now Okinawa, Japan.
In 1923 Okinawan masters changed the Chinese character to a Japanese character indicating that the martial arts now taught in Okinawa were no longer purely Chinese. Thus, the meaning changed from Tode to Kara-te (empty hand).
Karate practise is generally divided up into three components: Kihon (basics), Kata (forms) and Kumite (sparring).
Kihon (basics) covers various strikes, blocks, kicks, stances and movements one might need to use in self-defence. Students practise these in lines each class so that the techniques are refined and become instinctive.
Kihon, or basic practise, allows students to develop an understanding of their body and how it can be used as most effectively as a weapon, for example, how to generate maximum power with minimum effort.
Kata (forms) is often referred to as the ‘art form’ of karate. Each kata (form) is a traditional predetermined pattern of movements that promotes a number of self-defence principles. Kata practise also develops coordination, balance, agility, strength and speed.
Kumite (sparring) is where techniques and principles learnt in Kihon (basics) and Kata (forms) are applied against an opponent. Kumite can vary greatly, depending on the student’s level of experience. For example, beginners only practise pre-arranged kumite. This is where both the attacker and defender know exactly which techniques will be used and when. They do this in a slow and controlled environment.
In 1936, Funakoshi established the first Shotokan Karate dojo in Tokyo. The name “Shotokan” was chosen to honour Funakoshi’s pen name, Shoto, which means “waving pines.” The dojo quickly became popular and attracted many students, including many high-ranking members of the Japanese military.
In 1939, Funakoshi published his book “Karate-Do: My Way of Life,” which outlined his philosophy and the principles of Shotokan Karate. The book became a classic in the field of martial arts and is still widely read and respected today.
Funakoshi continued to teach and promote Shotokan Karate until his death in 1957. Today, his legacy lives on through the many practitioners and organisations around the world that continue to study and teach the martial art. Shotokan Karate has had a profound impact on the lives of countless individuals, who have been inspired by Funakoshi’s teachings and the history of this rich and vibrant martial art.
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